1.什么是ExoPlayer
ExoPlayer是谷歌官方主导基于低层媒体API(如MediaCodec,AudioTrack,MediaDrm)开发的Android媒体播放库,整体上的特点如下:
- 高度的可定制性,开发者可以根据实际需求对其进行修改
 - 提供一系列MediaPlayer不提供的特性,例如,支持动态的自适应流HTTP(DASH) 和平滑流
 - 独立于Android系统,可以构建系统版本自主升级
 
ExoPlayer各功能对系统版本的要求如下:
| Use case | Android version number | Android API level | 
|---|---|---|
| Audio playback | 4.1 | 16 | 
| Video playback | 4.1 | 16 | 
| DASH (no DRM) | 4.1 | 16 | 
| DASH (Widevine CENC; “cenc” scheme) | 4.4 | 19 | 
| SmoothStreaming (no DRM) | 4.1 | 16 | 
| SmoothStreaming (PlayReady SL2000) | AndroidTV | AndroidTV | 
| HLS (no DRM) | 4.1 | 16 | 
| HLS (AES-128 encryption) | 4.1 | 16 | 
相关的网站如下:
- 项目官网:http://google.github.io/ExoPlayer/
 - 开发指南:http://google.github.io/ExoPlayer/guide.html
 - Github地址:https://github.com/google/ExoPlayer
 - Medium博客:https://medium.com/google-exoplayer
 
框架简介
接口ExoPlayer是ExoPlayer的核心,提供了一些我们平时可能会用到的功能,如缓冲、暂停、播放或者快进快退。ExoPlayer通过控制组件实现了媒体的识别、加载和渲染。这些组件如下:
- MediaSource:是对播放对象的抽象,由于播放对象可能存在于内存、磁盘甚至网络中,MediaSource还需要提供对应的读取方式。
 - Renderer:负责Media的渲染工作
 - TrackSelecter: 选择MediaSource中的轨道(Track)交由TrackRenderer负责渲染,这里包括音频轨道和视频轨道。
 - LoadControl: 负责媒体的加载,如何时进行加载以及加载的多少
 
以上四个组件,MediaSource需要在播放媒体前传入ExoPlayer,而后三者则需要在创建ExoPlayer时制定。
2.ExoPlayer 的Hello World
使用ExoPlayer在音频和视频的播放上没有太大区别,这里我们以视频播放为例,介绍一下如何使用ExoPlayer 播放视频,可以分为以下几步:
- 将ExoPlayer添加到项目依赖中
 - 创建SimpleExoPlayer实例
 - 将player关联到到View上
 - 创建MediaSource并使player处于prepare状态
 - 释放资源
 
1.将ExoPlayer添加到项目依赖中
ExoPlayer发布在Jcenter上,所以需要在项目根目录的build.gralde文件中添加如下代码:
repositories {
    jcenter()
}
ExoPlayer对应的gradle地址如下:
compile 'com.google.android.exoplayer:exoplayer:r2.X.X'
2.创建一个SimpleExoPlayer实例
这里我们使用 ExoPlayerFactory.newSimpleInstance(Context, TrackSelector, LoadControl)创建对应的ExoPlayer实例对象。
相关代码如下:
// 1. Create a default TrackSelector
BandwidthMeter bandwidthMeter = new DefaultBandwidthMeter();
TrackSelection.Factory videoTrackSelectionFactory = new AdaptiveVideoTrackSelection.Factory(bandwidthMeter);
TrackSelector trackSelector = new DefaultTrackSelector(videoTrackSelectionFactory);
// 2. Create a default LoadControl
LoadControl loadControl = new DefaultLoadControl();
// 3. Create the player
SimpleExoPlayer player =
    ExoPlayerFactory.newSimpleInstance(context, trackSelector, loadControl);
3.将player关联到到View上
ExoPlayer默认提供了一个实现SimpleExoPlayerView,它包括PlaybackControlView和用于视频渲染的Surface,通过调用SimpleExoPlayerView.setPlayer(SimpleExoPlayer),就可以将SimpleExoPlayerView和Player进行绑定。
当然你可以对以上行为进行自定义,例如将PlaybackControlView作为单独的组件或者实现一个属于你自己的PlaybackControlView。
4.准备player
在ExoPlayer中,一个媒体片段用MediaSource表示,如果要播放一个片段,需要创建对应的MediaSource(ExoPlayer提供的实现有DashMediaSource、SsMediaSource、HlsMediaSource、ExtractorMediaSource)。如果我们需要播放一段mp4的视频,代码如下:
// Measures bandwidth during playback. Can be null if not required.
DefaultBandwidthMeter bandwidthMeter = new DefaultBandwidthMeter();
// Produces DataSource instances through which media data is loaded.
DataSource.Factory dataSourceFactory = new DefaultDataSourceFactory(this,
    Util.getUserAgent(this, "yourApplicationName"), bandwidthMeter);
// Produces Extractor instances for parsing the media data.
ExtractorsFactory extractorsFactory = new DefaultExtractorsFactory();
// This is the MediaSource representing the media to be played.
MediaSource videoSource = new ExtractorMediaSource(mp4VideoUri,
    dataSourceFactory, extractorsFactory, null, null);
// Prepare the player with the source.
player.prepare(videoSource);
当ExoPlayer准备就绪后,我们可以通过player控制视频的播放、前进或后退。
5.释放资源
当你不需要player时,可以通过调用ExoPlayer.release来释放资源。
3.MediaSource
之前已经提到过了,ExoPlayer中一个media片段用MediaSource表示。除了之前提到过的MediaSource,ExoPlayer中还提供了MergingMediaSource, LoopingMediaSource 和 ConcatenatingMediaSource等MediaSource,通过他们之间的相互组合,我们可以得到各种各样的播放效果
合并视频和字幕
MediaSource videoSource = new ExtractorMediaSource(videoUri, dataSourceFactory, extractorsFactory, null, null);
Format format = Format.createTextSampleFormat(null, MimeTypes.APPLICATION_TTML, null, Format.NO_VALUE, Format.NO_VALUE, "en", null);
MediaSource subtitleSource = new SingleSampleMediaSource(subtitleUri, dataSourceFactory, format, C.TIME_UNSET);
MergingMediaSource mergedSource = new MergingMediaSource(videoSource, subtitleSource);        
循环播放视频
MediaSource source = new ExtractorMediaSource(videoUri, ...);
// Loops the video indefinitely.
LoopingMediaSource loopingSource = new LoopingMediaSource(source);
// Plays the video twice.
LoopingMediaSource loopingSource = new LoopingMediaSource(source,2);
连续播放视频
MediaSource firstSource = new ExtractorMediaSource(firstVideoUri, ...);
MediaSource secondSource = new ExtractorMediaSource(secondVideoUri, ...);
// Plays the first video, then the second video.
ConcatenatingMediaSource concatenatedSource = new ConcatenatingMediaSource(firstSource, secondSource);
4.事件监听
在platback的过程中,应用可以可以根据ExoPlayer的状态做出相应的调整,对播放过程进行控制。为此,ExoPlayer提供了两个不同方式
事件回调(High Level Event)
ExoPlayer提供了一个ExoPlay.EventListener这一接口,通过addListener和removeListener可以添加和删除相关接口。这个接口可以监听player状态的更改,提供的方法如下。除此以外,SimpleExoPlayer提供了setVideoListener 负责接收与视频渲染有关的事件,setVideoDebugListener和setAudioDebugListener用于调试信息。
public interface ExoPlayer {
  interface EventListener {
    /**
     * Called when the timeline and/or manifest has been refreshed.
     * <p>
     * Note that if the timeline has changed then a position discontinuity may also have occurred.
     * For example the current period index may have changed as a result of periods being added or
     * removed from the timeline. The will <em>not</em> be reported via a separate call to
     * {@link #onPositionDiscontinuity()}.
     *
     * @param timeline The latest timeline. Never null, but may be empty.
     * @param manifest The latest manifest. May be null.
     */
    void onTimelineChanged(Timeline timeline, Object manifest);
    /**
     * Called when the available or selected tracks change.
     *
     * @param trackGroups The available tracks. Never null, but may be of length zero.
     * @param trackSelections The track selections for each {@link Renderer}. Never null and always
     *     of length {@link #getRendererCount()}, but may contain null elements.
     */
    void onTracksChanged(TrackGroupArray trackGroups, TrackSelectionArray trackSelections);
    /**
     * Called when the player starts or stops loading the source.
     *
     * @param isLoading Whether the source is currently being loaded.
     */
    void onLoadingChanged(boolean isLoading);
    /**
     * Called when the value returned from either {@link #getPlayWhenReady()} or
     * {@link #getPlaybackState()} changes.
     *
     * @param playWhenReady Whether playback will proceed when ready.
     * @param playbackState One of the {@code STATE} constants defined in the {@link ExoPlayer}
     *     interface.
     */
    void onPlayerStateChanged(boolean playWhenReady, int playbackState);
    /**
     * Called when an error occurs. The playback state will transition to {@link #STATE_IDLE}
     * immediately after this method is called. The player instance can still be used, and
     * {@link #release()} must still be called on the player should it no longer be required.
     *
     * @param error The error.
     */
    void onPlayerError(ExoPlaybackException error);
    /**
     * Called when a position discontinuity occurs without a change to the timeline. A position
     * discontinuity occurs when the current window or period index changes (as a result of playback
     * transitioning from one period in the timeline to the next), or when the playback position
     * jumps within the period currently being played (as a result of a seek being performed, or
     * when the source introduces a discontinuity internally).
     * <p>
     * When a position discontinuity occurs as a result of a change to the timeline this method is
     * <em>not</em> called. {@link #onTimelineChanged(Timeline, Object)} is called in this case.
     */
    void onPositionDiscontinuity();
  }
Handler(Low Level Event)
通过调用ExoPlayer.void sendMessages(ExoPlayerMessage... )和ExoPlayer.void blockingSendMessages(ExoPlayerMessage... messages)实现和ExoPlayer交互,再由内部的Handler进行消息的分发和处理。其实,在具体实现上,回调是通过Handler.handleMessage(Message)实现的,两者在实现上是一样的。
5.使用Stetho对ExoPlayer进行网络调试
Stetho是FaceBook出品的Android调试利器,在它的配合下,可以使用Chrome进行调试。当然,ExoPlayer也支持Stetho调试,开启方式如下:
1.实现添加相关库依赖
由于ExoPlayer的数据读取是由接口com.google.android.exoplayer2.upstream.DataSource实现的,这里的我们采用的类是com.google.android.exoplayer2.ext.okhttp.OkHttpDataSourceFactory,所以需要添加如下依赖
    compile 'com.google.android.exoplayer:extension-okhttp:r2.1.1'
    compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.5.0'
    compile 'com.facebook.stetho:stetho:1.4.2'
    compile 'com.facebook.stetho:stetho-okhttp3:1.4.2'
2.网络和Stetho的初始化
通过Stetho.initializeWithDefaults(Context)完成Stetho的初始化。
创建OkHttpClient,并添加StethoInterceptor到NetworkInterceptor
Stetho.initializeWithDefaults(this);
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .addNetworkInterceptor(new StethoInterceptor())
        .build();
3.创建OkHttpDataSource
DataSource.Factory dataSourceFactory =
        new OkHttpDataSourceFactory(okHttpClient, userAgent, bandwidthMeter);
4.查看调试结果
打开chrome://inspect,我们就可以在Developer Tools的Network部分查看到相关的调试结果:
